The Dutch emerged as major European traders in India between the 16th and 18th centuries, driven primarily by their desire to access the lucrative spice markets of South-East Asia. To achieve this goal, the Dutch undertook several voyages from 1596 and, in 1602, established the Dutch East India Company, known as the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC). The VOC was granted exclusive trading rights and extensive military powers by the Dutch state, enabling it to wage war, make treaties, and establish settlements.

Maratha forts were the backbone of the Maratha military and administrative system, reflecting strategic brilliance and architectural strength. Spread across the Sahyadri ranges and the Konkan coast, they formed an extensive network of 12 forts. Forts such as Raigad, Shivneri, Sinhagad, Torna, Pratapgad, Purandar, Panhala, Lohagad, Sindhudurg, and Murud-Janjira played crucial roles in defending territory and controlling trade routes. Raigad served as the capital of the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, while Shivneri was his birthplace. Hill forts such as Sinhagad and Torna guarded inland routes, whereas sea forts such as Sindhudurg protected the coastline. Built with natural terrain, strong bastions, secret gates, and water systems, these forts symbolise Maratha valour, resilience, and statecraft.