The 51st G7 Summit was held from June 15 to 17, 2025, within the majestic valleys and peaks of Kananaskis in Alberta, Canada, under Canada’s presidency. Marking the 50th anniversary of the first G7 gathering, Canada hosted the summit with the stated objective of building stronger economies by making communities safer and the world more secure, promoting energy security, accelerating the digital transition, and fostering partnerships of the future.
Five decades after its founding in 1975, the G7 continues to demonstrate its value as a platform for advanced economies to coordinate financial and economic policy, address issues of peace and security, and cooperate with international partners in response to global challenges.
The summit brought together the leaders of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The European Union participated in all discussions as a fully participating non-member, represented jointly by the President of the European Council, Antonio Costa, and the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen. Discussions at the summit were focused on addressing geo-economic stability, geopolitical tensions, rapidly evolving technologies, climate-related risks, and enhancing cooperation with outreach partners including India, South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, and Ukraine. The deliberations culminated in six joint statements and the Chair’s summary that outlined shared commitments and areas of coordinated action.
Context and Objectives of the Summit
The G7 leaders gathered amid rising market volatility, shocks to international trade, longer-term trends towards fragmentation and global imbalances, and growing geopolitical instability. The leaders discussed the need for greater economic and financial stability, technological innovation, and an open and predictable trading regime to drive investment and growth. Energy security and the digital transition were emphasised as central pillars of future economic resilience, with recognition that both are underpinned by secure and responsible critical mineral supply chains.
Canada indicated its intention to work with the G7 partners on common priorities, including building economies that benefit everyone, fighting climate change, and managing rapidly evolving technologies. The summit agenda reflected these priorities through coordinated discussions on economic developments, peace and security, artificial intelligence (AI), critical minerals, wildfire resilience, quantum technologies, countering migrant smuggling, and transnational repression.
The Canadian prime minister, Mark Carney, officially structured these goals under ‘The Three Pillars’, focusing on protecting communities by strengthening international security and environmental resilience through the Kananaskis Wildfire Charter; building energy security by fortifying critical mineral supply chains alongside the G7 AI adoption roadmap and the Kanaskis Quantum vision; and securing future partnerships by catalysing private investment in the Global South to build a resilient infrastructure and boost shared prosperity through more dynamic global markets.
Economic Developments and Global Trade
The G7 leaders focused extensively on economic developments, particularly in the light of rising disruptions to international trade caused by market volatility and geopolitical fragmentation. They discussed collaboration on global trade architecture to boost productivity and grow their economies, while safeguarding an open and predictable trading regime. The leaders committed to safeguarding their economies from unfair non-market policies and practices that distort markets and drive overcapacity in ways that are extremely harmful to workers and businesses. This includes de-risking through diversification and the significant on single-source suppliers for essential goods and raw materials reduction of critical dependencies.
The summit acknowledged that secure and responsible critical mineral supply chains are fundamental to energy security, digital transition, and advanced manufacturing. The leaders welcomed the Canada-led G7 initiative, the Critical Minerals Production Alliance, working with trusted, like-minded international partners to guarantee supply for advanced manufacturing and defence systems. The emphasis on economic security was closely linked with discussions on technology, energy systems, and global supply chains.
Peace, Security, and Geopolitical Developments
The leaders expressed support for efforts to achieve a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in Ukraine. They recognised that Ukraine had committed to an unconditional ceasefire and agreed that Russia must also do the same. The G7 met with the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, and the Secretary General of NATO, Mark Rutte, to discuss the support for a strong and sovereign Ukraine, including budgetary, defence, recovery, and reconstruction support.
The leaders were resolute in exploring all possible options to put maximum pressure on Russia, including financial sanctions, and lowering of the price cap on Russian crude oil from US$ 60 to US$ 47.60 per barrel, triggered by the ‘dynamic adjustment mechanism’ agreed upon by the G7 and EU earlier in 2025.
The summit also addressed peace and stability in the Middle East. The leaders discussed the evolving situation and deteriorating regional stability following Hamas’s terror attacks against Israel on October 7, 2023, the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran and the need for unhindered humanitarian aid to Gaza, the unconditional release of all the hostages, and an immediate and permanent ceasefire. The leaders affirmed Israel’s right to self-defence in accordance with international law and were clear that Iran should never acquire a nuclear weapon. They underlined the importance of protecting civilians and expressed readiness to coordinate efforts to safeguard the stability of international energy markets.
A G7 leaders’ statement on recent developments between Israel and Iran was released, reiterating commitment for peace and stability in the Middle East and urging broader de-escalation of hostilities, including a ceasefire in Gaza.
The leaders highlighted the importance of a free, open, prosperous, and secure Indo-Pacific based on the rule of law. They stressed the importance of constructive and stable relations with China, while calling on it to refrain from market distortions and harmful overcapacity, to tackle global challenges, and help promote international peace and security.
Concerns were also expressed about destabilising activities in the East and South China seas, the importance of maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRKs) nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programmes. To address the financing of these illicit activities, the G7 leaders committed to a coordinated effort to target DPRK’s crypto currency thefts and other malicious activities that are fuelling these programmes.
Moreover, other instances of crises and conflict, including that in Africa and Haiti, were also discussed, with acknowledgement of links between crisis theatres in Ukraine, the Middle East, and the Indo-Pacific.
Joint Statements by G7 Leaders and Key Outcomes of the Summit
At the conclusion of the summit, the G7 leaders adopted six joint statements reflecting a coordinated approach covering critical minerals, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, wildfire resilience, countering migrant smuggling, and transnational repression.
A central outcome was the G7 Critical Minerals Action Plan which builds a previous G7 presidencies’ work to expand responsible production and secure diversified supply chains. Leaders reaffirmed commitments to transparency, diversification, security, sustainable mining practices, trustworthiness, and reliability. The Action Plan was built on the Five-Point Plan for Critical Minerals Security established during Japan’s G7 Presidency in 2023 and advanced by Italy’s G7 Presidency in 2024. Leaders committed to build standards-based markets, mobilise capital and investments in to accelerate critical mineral projects, leverage innovative financing to de-risk partnerships and promote innovation across processing, recycling, substitution and redesign, and circular economy approaches. The endorsement of the Action Plan by Australia, India, and the Republic of Korea was welcomed.
Another significant outcome was the G7 leaders’ statement on AI for prosperity, which recognised the potential of a human-centric approach to AI to grow prosperity, benefit societies, and address pressing global challenges. They emphasised driving the innovation and adoption of AI in the public sector, supporting small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs), operationalising data free flow with trust (DFFT) through trustworthy cross-border data flows, addressing energy challenges associated with AI, and expanding partnerships with emerging market and developing countries.
As part of its commitment to public-sector innovation, the Canadian Presidency launched the G7 GovAI Grand Challenge and announced the establishment of the G7 AI Network to advance scalable solutions. The G7 AI Adoption Roadmap outlined shared vision and practical steps to help SMEs move from AI-Aware to AI-powered, emphasising AI readiness, competitiveness, and talent exchanges, while providing a toolkit for SMEs and an AI Adoption Blueprint aligned with the Hiroshima AI Process.
The G7 leaders’ Common Vision for the Future of Quantum Technologies reflected recognition that quantum computing, sensing, and communications have the potential to deliver significant economic and social benefits, while also posing national and international security implications. The leaders committed to promoting investment, supporting commercialisation, developing workforce building trusted ecosystems, and enhancing collaboration through a G7 Joint Working Group on Quantum Technologies. The International Year of Quantum Science and Technology was identified as an opportunity to make concrete progress on this agenda.
The Kananaskis Wildfire Charter addressed record-breaking wildfires experienced across the forested continents over the past decade. The leaders resolved to boost global cooperation to prevent, fight, and recover from wildfires through a whole-of-society approach, implementing mitigation and adaptation actions grounded in scientific research and local knowledge, strengthening preparedness and response capacities, and rebuilding capacities for resilience. The charter aligned with commitments to halt and reserve deforestation and forest and land degradation by 2030. Its endorsement by Australia, India, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, and South Africa highly welcomed.
The G7 leaders’ statement on countering migrant smuggling reaffirmed the commitment to prevent and counter migrant smuggling through the G7 coalition and the 2024 G7 Action Plan. The leaders emphasised on dismantling transnational organised crime groups, enhancing border management and enforcement, strengthening international cooperation, and protecting the most vulnerable, including the refugees and forcibly displaced persons, while meeting international human rights commitments.
The G7 leaders’ statement on transnational repression highlighted deep concerns over growing reports of aggressive foreign interference undermining national security, state sovereignty, human rights, and principles of international law.
The leaders committed to fostering a common understanding of transnational repression, raising awareness promoting accountability, developing a Transnational Repression Resilience and Response Framework, launching a Digital Transnational Repression Detection Academy, and supporting civil society and affected communities.
Outreach, Partnerships, and Multilateral Cooperation
A defining feature of the Kananaskis Outreach Model was the integration of a diverse group of global leaders to address shared economy and security challenges. Prime Minister Carney welcomed the presidents of South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, and the prime ministers of Australia and India. He also welcomed the Secretary-General of the UN and the President of the World Bank.
The leaders emphasised building coalitions with reliable partners, including the private sector, development finance institutions, and multilateral development banks, to drive inclusive economic growth and advance sustainable development. The upcoming United Nations’ Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development was identified as an opportunity to continue discussions on private capital mobilisation. Discussions were informed by the recommendations of the G7 Gender Equality Advisory Council (GEAC) and all G7 engagement groups, highlighting the social and economic benefits of gender equality.
The G7 completed its work under Canada’s presidency at the end of 2025, with France assuming leadership in 2026.
India at the 51st G7 Summit
India participated in the 51st G7 summit as an outreach partner, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, attending for the sixth consecutive time. The summit marked improving ties between India and Canada, as the prime ministers of both countries agreed to take calibrated steps to restore stability in bilateral relations and decided to restore High Commissioners to their respective capitals. India and Canada planned to collaborate on clean energy, technology, digital infrastructure, AI, food security, and critical minerals.
The Prime Minister Modi participated in the G7 Outreach Session on energy security at Kananaskis, emphasising the importance of ensuring security for all through sustainable and green pathways. Special attention was drawn to the concerns and priorities of the Global South, with India taking the responsibility to bring the voice of the Global South to the world stage. India highlighted its global initiatives on energy security and sustainable development and reiterated its stand against terrorism.
The prime minister urged countries to act strongly against terrorism and underlined the need to take strict action against those who promote and support terrorism.
India welcomed the endorsement of the G7 Critical Minerals Action Plan and the Kananaskis Wildlife Charter, reflecting alignment with coordinated efforts to critical minerals security and wildfire resilience. India’s intervention was also particularly unique as it links digital progress with climate responsibility. Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted that AI is energy-intensive and requires sustainable alternative energy sources to be viable, resonating with the G7’s focus on the AI-Energy Nexus.
About G7
The Group of Seven is an intergovernmental forum for global policy coordination among advanced economies. It was formed in response to major economic challenges of the early 1970s, including the oil crisis, rising inflation, and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system.
The first summit was held in 1975 in Rambouillet, France, bringing together the leaders of France, Germany, the UK, the US, Italy, and Japan, with Canada joining the following year. Since 1977, the representatives of the European Economic Community, now the European Union, have participated in the G7 meetings.
The G7 has no legal existence, permanent secretariat, or binding authority. Its decisions and commitments require independent ratification by the member states. The presidency rotates annually among the member countries, with the presiding country responsible for organising and hosting the summit. Over time, the G7 has evolved from a forum focused primarily on international economic policy to a platform addressing a wide range of global challenges, including foreign policy, security, technology, climate-related risks, and development cooperation.
Over the past three decades, the relative share of the G7 in the global economy has declined, while forums such as the G20 and BRICS have gained prominence. The combined share of global GDP of G7 member states fell from approximately 63 per cent in 1992 to about 29 per cent in 2024, reflecting shifts in global economic power.
The G7 Summit provides a forum for the member countries to discuss shared values and concerns, influence global governance, and coordinate responses to emerging challenges through political commitments and agenda-setting.
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