The Khalsa was founded by Guru Gobind Singh on the occasion of Vaisakhi in 1699 CE at Anandpur Sahib. The word ‘Khalsa’, derived from the Arabic word khalis meaning ‘pure’, signifies a community of committed and disciplined Sikhs initiated through the Amrit Sanskar (also called Amrit Sanchar). The formation of the Khalsa marked a decisive moment in the Sikhs history, redefining religious authority, community identity, and ethical conduct.

According to Sikh tradition, Guru Gobind Singh called upon volunteers willing to sacrifice their lives for Waheguru. Five men responded, symbolising supreme devotion and sewa (selfless service). These five men came to be known as the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones). They were initiated with amrit, a mixture of sugar and water stirred with a khanda (double-edged sword), symbolising courage, equality, and spiritual strength. Guru Gobind Singh also accepted initiation, emphasising equality between the Guru and the community.

The Guru decreed that all initiated men would bear the name Singh (lion) and women Kaur (princess), abolishing distinctions of caste and social hierarchy. Membership in the Khalsa required adherence to a strict code of conduct, including the wearing of the Five Ks: Kesh, Karha, Kanga, Kacchha, and Kirpan, each symbolising discipline, faith, and moral responsibility. The Khalsa represented both a spiritual brotherhood and a powerful politico-military collective, dedicated to justice and righteousness.